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Second, a reduction in tubular reabsorption of both free carnitine and acylcarnitine has been reported during VPA treatment [45, 46], Third, VPA reduces endogenous synthesis of carnitine by blockade of the enzyme butyrobetaine hydroxylase

Wang et al

In ovo feeding of creatine pyruvate alters energy reserves, satellite cell mitotic activity and myogenic gene expression of breast muscle in embryos and neonatal broilers

BioMed Research International (2015) 3

For example, with linoleoyl-CoA (illustrated), three cycles of oxidation yield a 3 Z ,6 Z 12:2 intermediate, which must be isomerized by an enoyl-CoA isomerase to 2 E ,6 Z -12:2-CoA

Although the intercellular junctions comprise ~ 0.01% of the intestinal surface area [23], paracellular transport makes an outsize contribution to the transepithelial movement of water and solutes [24]