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Abbreviations 3-PBA: 3-Phenoxy-benzoic acid (3-PBA) AChE: Acetylcholinesterase AF: Aflatoxin AL: Aluminum ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder As: Arsenic ASD: Autism spectrum disorder BBB: Blood-brain barrier CNS: Central nervous system CHARGE: Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment DON: Deoxynivalenol DSM-IV : Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders GABA: Gamma-aminobutyric acid GI: Gastrointestinal GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein GLIO: Gliotoxin GSH: Glutathione GST: Glutathione-S-transferase iAs: Inorganic arsenic IQ: Intelligence quotient IARC: International Agency for Research on Cancer IL-6: Interleukin 6 Pb: Lead MnSOD: Manganese superoxide dismutase Hg: Mercury miR: microRNA NLGNs: Neuroligins NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartate NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa B Oc: Organochlorine OP: Organophosphorus OT: Oxytocin PON: Paraoxonase PDD-NOS: Pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified PAH: Phenylalanine hydroxylase Pcbs: Polychlorinated biphenyls PSD-95: Postsynaptic density protein 95 SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids SRS: Social Responsiveness Scale SYP: Synaptophysin TNF- : Tumor necrosis factor alpha UPMP: US Pesticide Monitoring Program References Abd Wahil MS, Jaafar MH, Md Isa Z (2022) Assessment of urinary lead (Pb) and essential trace elements in autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study among preschool children in Malaysia

Lacroix, G., Gouyer, V., Gottrand, F

Yadav, S., Sharma, A