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The exaggerated levels of ROS generation in the RPE cells, however, such as during ionizing radiation, ultraviolet radiation, poor life style including smoking, changes in intracellular oxygen concentrations, etc., overwhelms the mitochondrial antioxidant network leading to damage of vital proteins, lipids, and DNA (Figure 3) (92)

This has also been documented for cultured RPE cells (132)

Western blot analysis showed that the urothelium of mice pre-treated with PMF90 expressed small amounts of Cx43 and other inflammatory markers as compared to mice group receiving cyclophosphamide alone

Drugs 33 (05), 4347

it also helps "recharge" other antioxidants like Vitamin C and Vitamin E

doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.031 36 WangXWuQLiuAAnadnARodrguezJ-LMartnez-LarraagaM-Ret al