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Mehrazad-Saber et al., 2018), two with sulforaphane (SFN) (Ou et al., 2024

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of memantine monotherapy (60 patients, 43 completed) found no significant improvement in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores compared with placebo, leading the authors to conclude that the study does not provide evidence to recommend memantine for tinnitus treatment (Figueiredo et al., 2008)

All of these GPX enzymes catalyze the reduction of H 2 O 2 or organic hydroperoxide (ROOH) to water (H 2 O) and alcohol (ROH), respectively, using reduced glutathione (GSH) or in some cases thioredoxin or glutaredoxin as the electron donor (43, 44, 161)

Classification of prodrugs based on bioactivation In most cases, based on known biotransformation, chemical modification or derivatization of the parent drug to carry out the corresponding prodrug structural design, through enzyme or non-enzyme mediated activation to release the active drug and exert its pharmaceutical effect

10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106196 15 HongW.ZhiF.KunT.HuaF.Huan LingL.FangF.et al (2021)

Cyclovirobuxine D inhibits the currents of HERG potassium channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells