l-carnitine transports fatty acids into mitochondria mechanism l carnitine for Critical Role of Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Normal Cell Function and Pathological Conditions L-carnitine Transports Fat Molecules into – Carnitine in Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

L-Theanine Amino acid found in green tea

Instead, they support different biological pathways: How They Work Synergistically Glutathione Acts as the bodys master antioxidant Neutralizes free radicals that damage skin cells Helps regulate melanin production for even skin tone Protects collagen fibers from oxidative breakdown Collagen Provides amino acids that support skin structure Improves elasticity, firmness, and hydration Strengthens the dermal matrix Helps reduce fine lines caused by dehydration and ageing In simple terms: Glutathione protects what collagen builds

5,6 A 2015 review of clinical trials also found limited high-quality data and couldnt confirm a clear benefit for cold sore prevention, so more robust research is still needed

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Chaudhary A, Jaswal VS, Choudhary S et al (2019) Ferulic acid: a promising therapeutic phytochemical and recent patents advances

This causes glutamate excitotoxicity, contributing to motor neuron degeneration