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With clear regulations on what is and isn't allowed to be used in UK-made E-Liquids such as banned chemicals like diacetyl, perhaps the US, where these cases have been reported, should mirror the UK
Many optometrists, however, hold the belief that it is not their role to provide referrals to patients who require cessation assistance, and concede this to be the responsibility of primary care practitioners
Abbreviations AJ: Adherent junction AZI: Azithromycin BALF: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CS: Cigarette smoke CSE: Cigarette smoke extract GCL: Glutamate cysteine ligase GS: Glutathione synthetase GST: Glutathione S-transferase HBECs: Human bronchial epithelial cells Keap1: Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 MSEA: Metabolite set enrichment analysis NC: Negative control Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 PBECs: Primary bronchial epithelial cells PCA: Principal component analysis SD: Sprague Dawley shRNAs: Short-hairpin RNAs TBHQ: Tert-butylhydroquinone TEER: Transepithelial electronic resistance TJ: Tight junction TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha Vc: Vitamin C ZO-1: Zonula occludens-1 References Brandsma CA, Van den Berge M, Hackett TL, Brusselle G, Timens W
